Shih Tzu Dog Breed: The Complete Guide to This Charming Companion

The Shih Tzu, often called the “Lion Dog,” is a beloved toy breed that has captured hearts worldwide. With their flowing coats, expressive eyes, and endearing personalities, these little dogs greatly impact those who welcome them into their homes. This comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the Shih Tzu breed, from royal history to modern-day care requirements.

History and Origin of the Shih Tzu

Ancient Chinese Roots

The Shih Tzu’s story begins in ancient China, where these dogs were treasured by royalty for over a thousand years. Their name, “lion dog”, in Mandarin, resembles the mythical lion of Buddhist lore. Believed to have been bred from a cross between the Lhasa Apso and other Chinese breeds, Shih Tzus were developed to be companion animals for Chinese emperors and their families.

From Royal Courts to Modern Homes

For centuries, Shih Tzus lived exclusively within the walls of Chinese palaces. It wasn’t until the 1930s that they made their way to the Western world. The American Kennel Club recognised the breed in 1969, and it has since become a popular choice for dog lovers seeking a small, affectionate companion. Today, Shih Tzus are beloved pets in homes across the globe, their royal heritage living on in their regal bearing and luxurious coats.

Physical Characteristics of Shih Tzus

Size and Weight

Shih Tzus are classified as a toy breed known for their small stature. These compact canines typically stand between 9 to 10.5 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 9 to 16 pounds when fully grown. Despite their diminutive size, Shih Tzus have a sturdy build and carry themselves with a confident, almost arrogant air that belies their small frame.

Coat Colors and Patterns

One of the most striking features of the Shih Tzu is their long, silky double coat. This luxurious fur comes in a wide array of colors and patterns, including:

• Solid colors: Black, white, red, gold, liver
• Two-tone combinations: Black and white, gold and white, liver and white
• Tri-color variations: Black, white, and gold being the most common

Some Shih Tzus also sport brindle patterns or have patches of different colors. This variety in coat appearance means that no two Shih Tzus look exactly alike, adding to their charm and individuality.

Distinctive Facial Features

The Shih Tzu’s face is one of its most endearing attributes. Their large, round eyes are set wide apart, giving them an alert and intelligent expression. The breed standard calls for dark eyes, though lighter-colored Shih Tzus may have hazel eyes. Their short, square muzzle and undershot bite contribute to their characteristic “chrysanthemum face” – describing how the fur grows upwards on the muzzle, resembling the flower’s petals.

Another notable feature is their ears, which are large and floppy, covered in long fur that blends into the rest of their coat. When groomed, many Shih Tzu owners opt for a topknot to keep the hair out of their dog’s eyes, adding to their adorable appearance.

Shih Tzu Temperament and Personality

Affectionate and Loyal Nature

Shih Tzus are renowned for their loving and devoted nature. These dogs form strong bonds with their human families and are often described as “velcro dogs” because they tend to stick close to their owners. They thrive on human companionship and are happiest when they’re by your side, whether cuddling on the couch or accompanying you on daily activities.

This affectionate disposition makes Shih Tzus an excellent therapy dog. Their gentle nature and desire to please can comfort those in hospitals, nursing homes, or other care facilities. However, their attachment to their owners means they can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for long periods.

Social Behavior with Humans and Other Pets

Shih Tzus are generally friendly and outgoing with people and other animals. They tend to get along well with children, making them a great choice for families. However, due to their small size, it’s important to supervise interactions with young children to prevent accidental injury.

These friendly dogs usually coexist peacefully with other pets, including cats and dogs. Their non-aggressive nature means they’re likelier to try to make friends than pick fights. However, early socialization is key to ensuring they develop into well-rounded adults who are comfortable in various situations.

Training and Intelligence

While Shih Tzus are intelligent dogs, they can be somewhat stubborn regarding training. This isn’t due to a lack of ability but rather their independent nature. They were bred to be companions, not working dogs, so they may not see the point in performing repetitive tasks.

Positive reinforcement techniques work best with this breed. Short, fun training sessions with plenty of praise and treats will yield the best results. Patience is key – while they may not be the quickest learners, Shih Tzus can be trained to be well-behaved companions.

Areas where Shih Tzus often excel include trick training and agility courses. These activities engage their minds and provide bonding opportunities with their owners. Remember, consistency is crucial in training any dog, and Shih Tzus are no exception.

Health Considerations for Shih Tzus

Common Health Issues

Like all purebred dogs, Shih Tzus are prone to certain health issues. Knowing these potential problems can help owners provide the best care for their furry friends. Some common health concerns in Shih Tzus include:

1. Brachycephalic Syndrome: Shih Tzus can experience breathing difficulties due to their flat faces, especially in hot weather or during exercise.
2. Eye Problems: Their protruding eyes are susceptible to injuries and conditions like cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, and dry eye syndrome.
3. Hip Dysplasia: Despite their small size, Shih Tzus can develop this joint condition that can lead to arthritis.
4. Ear Infections: Their floppy ears can trap moisture, making them prone to ear infections.
5. Dental Issues: Their small mouths can lead to overcrowding of teeth, increasing the risk of dental problems.

Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help catch and address these issues early.

Lifespan and Aging

With proper care, Shih Tzus typically live between 10 to 16 years. As they age, they may develop age-related conditions such as arthritis, vision and hearing loss, and cognitive decline. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and mental stimulation throughout their lives can help keep them healthy and active well into their senior years.

Preventive Care and Regular Check-ups

Preventive care is crucial for maintaining a Shih Tzu’s health. This includes:

• Annual veterinary check-ups
• Regular dental cleanings
• Keeping vaccinations up to date
• Maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise
• Regular grooming to prevent skin and coat issues

Owners can help ensure their Shih Tzus lead long, happy lives by staying proactive about their health.

Grooming and Care Requirements

Coat Maintenance and Brushing Techniques

The Shih Tzu’s long, silky coat is one of its most distinctive features, but it requires significant maintenance. Daily brushing is necessary to prevent matting and tangling. Use a soft-bristled brush or a wide-toothed comb, starting at the skin and working your way out. Pay special attention to areas prone to tangling, such as behind the ears, under the legs, and around the tail.

Many Shih Tzu owners opt for a “puppy cut” or shorter haircut to make maintenance easier. If you keep your Shih Tzu’s coat long, be prepared for daily grooming sessions and regular professional grooming appointments every 4-6 weeks.

Bathing and Hygiene

Shih Tzus should be bathed every 3-4 weeks or more frequently if they get dirty. Use a gentle, dog-specific shampoo to avoid drying out their skin. Pay special attention to their facial folds, which can harbour bacteria if not kept clean and dry.

After bathing, it’s crucial to dry your Shih Tzu thoroughly, as their thick coat can take a long time to air dry naturally. Use a low-heat setting on your hair dryer to avoid overheating your dog.

Dental Care and Nail Trimming

Dental hygiene is particularly important for Shih Tzus due to their predisposition to dental issues. Using dog-specific toothpaste, brush their teeth daily or at least several times a week. Regular professional dental cleanings are also recommended.

Nail trimming should be done every 2-3 weeks or as needed. If you hear your Shih Tzu’s nails clicking on the floor, it’s time for a trim. Be careful not to cut too close to the quick (the blood vessel inside the nail), which can be painful and cause bleeding.

Exercise Needs and Activity Level

Daily Exercise Recommendations

Despite their small size, Shih Tzus do need regular exercise to maintain good health and prevent obesity. However, their exercise needs are relatively modest compared to more active breeds. A daily walk of about 20-30 minutes and some playtime is sufficient to keep a Shih Tzu happy and healthy.

It’s important to note that Shih Tzus are brachycephalic (flat-faced) dogs, which can make them prone to breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather or during intense exercise. Always monitor your Shih Tzu during physical activity and avoid exercising them in extreme temperatures.

Indoor vs. Outdoor Activities

Shih Tzus are well-suited for indoor living and can get a lot of exercise through play sessions inside the home. They enjoy games like fetch (on a small scale) and tug-of-war. However, they also benefit from outdoor walks, which provide mental stimulation through new sights, sounds, and smells.

Always keep your Shih Tzu outdoors on a leash unless in a securely fenced area. Their small size makes them vulnerable to predators, and their friendly nature means they might approach unfamiliar people or animals without caution.

Mental Stimulation and Toys

Mental exercise is just as important as physical exercise for Shih Tzus. These intelligent dogs enjoy problem-solving activities and interactive toys. Puzzle feeders, treat-dispensing toys, and training sessions can all provide mental stimulation.

Rotate your Shih Tzu’s toys regularly to keep them interested, and spend time playing with them daily. This provides mental stimulation and strengthens your bond with your furry friend.

Nutrition and Feeding Guidelines

Dietary Requirements for Shih Tzus

A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining your Shih Tzu’s health. As small dogs with moderate energy levels, Shih Tzus don’t require much food, but what they eat should be high-quality and nutritionally complete.

Look for dog foods with a high-quality protein source as the first ingredient. The food should also contain a balance of carbohydrates for energy, fats for a healthy coat, and vitamins and minerals for overall health. Many Shih Tzu owners opt for small breed-specific formulas designed to meet the nutritional needs of toy breeds.

Feeding Schedule and Portion Control

Adult Shih Tzus typically do well with two meals a day. Puppies may need to be fed three to four times daily until they reach adulthood. Always follow the feeding guidelines on your chosen dog food, but remember that these are just starting points. Your Shih Tzu’s exact amount depends on age, activity level, and metabolism.

Portion control is important for Shih Tzus, as they can be prone to obesity. Use a measuring cup to ensure you’re not overfeeding, and adjust portions as needed to maintain a healthy weight. You should be able to feel your Shih Tzu’s ribs without seeing them, and they should have a visible waist when viewed from above.

Common Food Allergies and Sensitivities

Some Shih Tzus may have food allergies or sensitivities. Common allergens include beef, dairy, wheat, egg, chicken, lamb, soy, pork, rabbit, and fish. Signs of food allergies can include itching, ear infections, and gastrointestinal upset.

If you suspect your Shih Tzu has a food allergy, consult your veterinarian. They may recommend an elimination diet to identify the problematic ingredient. Some Shih Tzus do well on grain-free or limited-ingredient diets but always make dietary changes under the guidance of a veterinary professional.

Shih Tzu Puppies: What to Expect

Early Development Stages

Shih Tzu puppies are born tiny, usually weighing 4 to 6 ounces. They grow quickly in their first few months, reaching about 4 to 5 pounds by 4 months of age. During this time, they’ll go through several developmental stages:

1. Neonatal (0-2 weeks): Puppies completely depend on their mother.
2. Transitional (2-4 weeks): Eyes and ears open, they start to walk and play.
3. Socialization (3-12 weeks): This is a critical period for introducing puppies to new experiences.
4. Juvenile (3-6 months): Puppies become more independent and lose baby teeth.

Socialization and Training Tips

Early socialization is crucial for Shih Tzu puppies. Expose them to a variety of people, animals, and environments positively. This helps ensure they grow into well-adjusted adults. Puppy classes can be an excellent way to socialize with your Shih Tzu while you start basic obedience training.

Start training early, using positive reinforcement methods. Keep training sessions short and fun, as Shih Tzu puppies have short attention spans. Focus on basic commands like “sit,” “stay,” and “come,” as well as housetraining.

Housetraining can be challenging with Shih Tzus, as they have small bladders and can be stubborn. Consistency and patience are key. Establish a regular potty schedule and praise your puppy lavishly when they are eliminated in the appropriate place.

Choosing a Reputable Breeder

If you decide to purchase a Shih Tzu puppy, finding a reputable breeder is crucial. A good breeder will:

• Allow you to visit and see the puppies with their mother
• Provide health clearances for both parent dogs
• Be knowledgeable about the breed and answer all your questions
• Have clean, safe facilities
• Not let puppies go to new homes before 8-10 weeks of age
• Provide ongoing support after you take your puppy home

Avoid purchasing puppies from pet stores or online retailers, as these often source from puppy mills. Consider adopting from a Shih Tzu rescue organization as an alternative to buying a puppy.

Living with a Shih Tzu: Pros and Cons

Ideal Living Environments

Shih Tzus are adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations. Their small size makes them well-suited to apartment living, but they’re equally happy in larger homes. They don’t require a yard, though they enjoy outdoor exploration under supervision.

These dogs are sensitive to extreme temperatures due to their flat faces and long coats. They’re best suited to climate-controlled environments and should never be left outdoors for extended periods.

Pros of owning a Shih Tzu:

• Affectionate and loving nature
• Good with children and other pets
• Minimal exercise requirements
• Adaptable to various living situations
• Low shedding (though not hypoallergenic)
• Long lifespan

Cons of owning a Shih Tzu:

• High grooming needs
• It can be stubborn and challenging to train
• Prone to certain health issues
• May develop separation anxiety
• Can be yappy if not properly trained

Compatibility with Families and Children

Shih Tzus are generally excellent family dogs. They’re gentle, affectionate, and patient, making them good companions for children. However, due to their small size, interactions between Shih Tzus and young children should always be supervised to prevent accidental injury to the dog.

These dogs often bond closely with all family members rather than attaching primarily to one person. They enjoy being part of family activities and are happy to cuddle on the couch or join in on a family game night.

Potential Challenges and Solutions

While Shih Tzus make wonderful pets, they do come with some challenges:

1. Grooming: The high-maintenance coat can be time-consuming and expensive to maintain. Solution: Consider a shorter “puppy cut” for easier care or budget for regular professional grooming.
2. Stubbornness: Shih Tzus can be challenging to train due to their independent nature. Solution: Use positive reinforcement techniques and keep training sessions short and fun.
3. Housetraining: Small bladders and a stubborn streak can make housetraining difficult. Solution: Be consistent with a regular potty schedule and use plenty of positive reinforcement.

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Emily Fassbaugh

Emily A. Fassbaugh, DVM - VETERINARIAN

Dr. Emily Fassbaugh grew up in San Diego. She attended the University of California, Davis for both her undergraduate studies in Animal Science and for veterinary school.During her time at UC Davis, she spent time working with the riding program at the Equestrian Center and the Feline Research Colony. Dr. Fassbaugh works in general practice has a special interest in dermatology and dentistry.

In her free time, Dr. Fassbaugh enjoys spending time with her husband and children, and with her 4 dogs, 4 cats, 4 guinea pigs, bearded dragon, leopard gecko, and ball python. She is an avid reader and hiker.

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